Workers on the roof of a construction project - ira prevailing wage and apprenticeship

Content updated on Oct. 4, 2024

On June 18, 2024, the Treasury released the final regulations, which were subsequently published on June 25, 2024, regarding the IRA prevailing wage and apprenticeship (PW&A) requirements, which were established through the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) [1]. These rules will affect taxpayers intending to qualify for increased amounts of credit or deduction for satisfying PW&A. The rules became effective on Aug. 26, 2024 (60 days after publication in the Federal Register).

The Treasury and IRS officially finalized the proposed regulations republished on Aug. 30, 2023 [2], except for the regulations on Internal Revenue Code section 48 energy credit and section 48E clean electricity investment credit [3], typically referred to as an investment tax credit. The final regulations for sections 48 and 48E will be released at a later date.

The final regulations are generally consistent with the proposed regulations published on Aug. 30, 2023. Some updates or reiterations are addressed in the final regulations, such as:

  • Defining dates that impact the wage determination in effect and timing for requests to DOL for supplemental wage determinations and additional classifications
  • Clarifying that the apprentice ratios and wages of the geographic area take precedence over apprenticeship program if the registered apprenticeship program is not located at the same geographic area as the facility
  • Detailing the facts and circumstances that will determine taxpayer intentional disregard
  • Exempting tribal members performing the work of laborer or mechanic from prevailing wage on projects owned fully or jointly by tribal entity
  • Revising the cure period for underpayment of prevailing wage
  • Excepting taxpayers from PW&A requirements for any activity prior to Jan. 29, 2023
  • Updating the Good Faith Effort procedures for contractors that need to request qualified apprentices to meet the apprenticeship participation requirement
  • Providing transition relief to the taxpayers who relied on prior guidance to determine when the activities of any laborer or mechanic became subject to the PW&A requirements by allowing correction payments and interest to be paid within 180 days of the publication date of the final regulations to avoid any penalties
  • Detailing documentation recordkeeping and reporting requirements by adding additional items to the records sufficient to demonstrate compliance with the PW&A requirements
  • Providing three options for taxpayers, contractors, and subcontractors to maintain redacted and/or unredacted personally identifiable information but clarifying that unredacted information should be provided to the IRS upon request

Understanding the prevailing wage and apprenticeship proposed vs. final rule

  Proposed rule Final rule
Beginning of construction
  • Not clarified – physical construction or date of contract
  • Based on the beginning of physical construction (defined by the Davis-Bacon Act)
Beginning of construction applicability and transition
  • Construction began before June 25, 2024 – choose proposed or final
  • Construction began and placed in service after June 25, 2024
  • If before June 25, 2024, 180 days to cure prevailing wage without penalty and interest
  • Work performed before Jan. 29, 2023, if not safe-harbored, does not require PW&A
PW&A requirement
  • Unclear
  • Applies only to the portion of the project that is creditable (eligible property)
  • Defined alteration and repair
  • Prevailing wage only for alteration or repair once placed in service with the annual update of wage determination
Wage determination
  • Single wage determination based on the beginning of construction (unclear)
  • New wage determination if the contract has changed for additional scope or time
  • Supplemental wage determination request no more than 90 days before construction
  • Wage determination is in place at each date the taxpayer establishes a contract(s)
  • New wage determination only if substantial change in scope of work
  • Supplemental wage determination or additional classification request not more than 90 days before the executed contract or construction
Prevailing wage
  • Apprentice pay determined by the Registered Apprenticeship Program (RAP) wage schedule
  • Unclear who receives full pay if ratio violation
  • Apprentice wage rates are determined by the location of the project, not the location of the RAP
  • The taxpayer has the discretion to decide which apprentices are paid full journey worker wage
  • Tribal governments are exempted from prevailing wage requirements for their employees
Apprenticeship
  • Ratio set by the RAP, State Apprenticeship Agency or Office of Apprenticeship
  • Apprentice request from one RAP in the location of the project or reasonably expected to provide
  • Good Faith Effort good for 120 days
  • Acknowledgment of the request letter is a response
  • Clarified labor hour requirement includes all contractors, not just those with participation requirements, and is not per trade
  • Confirmed that participation requirement applies to the contractor that has four or more at any time on the project
  • Ratio determined by the location of the work
  • Must request apprentice from at least one RAP in the location of the project
  • Good Faith Effort is valid for 365 days
  • Substantive response to apprentice request required
  • New information to be included in the request letter
  • If there is no RAP in the locality, Good Faith Effort is valid
  • Apprentice request at least 45 days before work begins
Penalties
  • Prevailing wage cure within 30 days of taxpayer awareness
  • The difference between the amount paid and the amount required is not more than 2.5%
  • Cure by the last day of the first month following the end of the quarter
  • The difference between the amount paid and the amount required is not more than 5%
Intentional disregard
  • Not clearly defined
  • Posted in a prominent place how to report suspected tax or workplace violations
  • If the taxpayer investigated suspected violations and had internal controls
  • Workers received written notice of whistleblower provisions
  • Workers provided pay stubs
  • Taxpayer maintains and preserves records
Recordkeeping
  • Not addressed
  • May contain only the last four of SSN
  • Taxpayers, third-party vendors or contractors can retain records
  • Full data files with personally identifiable information required upon IRS request

These final regulations provide taxpayers with the necessary clarity and certainty to support the growth and compliance of qualified projects under the IRA.

Take action

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The information provided here is of a general nature and is not intended to address the specific circumstances of any individual or entity. In specific circumstances, the services of a professional should be sought. Tax information, if any, contained in this communication was not intended or written to be used by any person for the purpose of avoiding penalties, nor should such information be construed as an opinion upon which any person may rely. The intended recipients of this communication and any attachments are not subject to any limitation on the disclosure of the tax treatment or tax structure of any transaction or matter that is the subject of this communication and any attachments.

Resources

1. Increased Amounts of Credit or Deduction for Satisfying Certain Prevailing Wage and Registered Apprenticeship Requirements, Federal Register, 2024

2. Prop. Reg. Sections. 1.30C-3, 1.45-6, 1.45-7, 1.45-8, 1.45-12, 1.45L-3, 1.45Q-6, 1.45U-3, 1.45V-3, 1.45Y-3, 1.45Z-3, 1.48-13, 1.48E-3, 1.179D-3

3. Prop. Reg. Sec. 1.48-13 and 1.48E-3

Laura Cataldo
Director
Government building
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